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The Medieval Spanish literature is composed by the corpus of literary works written in medieval Spanish between the beginning of the 13th and the end of the 15th century. Traditionally, the first and last work of this epoch are the ''Cantar de Mio Cid'', an epical poem the manuscript of which dates from 1207, and ''La Celestina'' (1499), a transition work to Renaissance. By the end of the 10th century, the languages spoken in North Spain were very far from their Latin origins, and can assuredly be called Romance. Latin texts were no longer understood, as can be seen from the glosses used in Castile to explain Latin terms. Spanish oral literature was doubtless in existence before Spanish texts were written. On the other hand, this is shown by the fact that different authors between the middle years of 11th century and the end of it could include, at the end of poems written in Arabic or Hebrew, verses that, in many cases, were examples of traditional lyric in Romance language, what is known as kharjas. ==The Jarchas== (詳細はJarchas, dating from the 9th to the 12th centuries C.E., were short poems spoken in local colloquial Hispano-Romance dialects, known as Mozarabic, but written in Arabic script. The Jarchas appeared at the end of longer poetry written in Arabic or Hebrew known as muwashshah, which were lengthy glosses on the ideas expressed in the jarchas. Typically spoken in the voice of a woman, the jarchas express the anxieties of love, particularly of its loss, as in the following example: Vayse meu corachón de mib. ya Rab, ¿si me tornarád? ¡Tan mal meu doler li-l-habib! Enfermo yed, ¿cuánd sanarád? (translated into modern Spanish) Mi corazón se me va de mí. Oh Dios, ¿acaso se me tornará? ¡Tan fuerte mi dolor por el amado! Enfermo está, ¿cuándo sanará? This combination of Hispano-Romance expression with Arabic script, only discovered in 1948, locates the rise of a Spanish literary tradition in the cultural heterogeneity that characterized Medieval Spanish society and politics. However, the Mozarabic language of the Jarchas appears to be a separate Romance language whose evolution from Vulgar Latin paralleled that of Castilian Spanish rather than deriving from or fusing into the latter. Hence, while the relatively recent discovery of the Jarchas challenges pride of chronological place that belonged for so long to the ''Poema del Cid'' (El Cantar de mío Cid) (1140 CE) in the history of Spanish literature, they cannot be seen as a precursor to Spain's great epic poem. What the discovery of the jarchas makes clear instead is that from its origins, the literature of Spain has arisen out of and born witness to a rich, heterogeneous mix of cultures and languages.〔Linda Fish Compton: Review of ''Andalusian Lyrical Poetry and Old Spanish Love Songs: The "Muwashshah" and Its "Kharja."'' by S. G. Armistead", ''Hispanic Review'', Vol. 46, No. 1. (Winter, 1978), pp. 92-95 (): ''"The use of Mozarabic should not be limited to "Christians and Jews living under Muslim rulers", since it is clear that most Hispano-Moslems also spoke ()"''〕〔 LIPSKI, John M.: "Review of ''El Mozarabe de Valencia'' by Leopoldo Penarroja Torrejon", ''International Journal of Middle East Studies''.Vol. 24, No. 3 (Aug., 1992), pp. 519-521 ()〕〔〔CASTRO, Américo: "Mozarabic Poetry and Castile", ''Comparative Literature''. Vol. 4, No. 2 (Spring, 1952), pp. 188-189.(): ''"() The new-found Mozarabic poetry is not written in Castilian, and that therefore its existence cannot be used to prove that there was a lyric poetry in Castile"''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Medieval Spanish literature」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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